Nkhani

Mipweya yambiri yamakampani monga mpweya, nayitrogeni ndi argon amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungunula mabizinesi achitsulo ndi zitsulo.Oxygen zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphulika ng'anjo, kusungunuka kuchepetsa smelting ng'anjo, Converter, magetsi ng'anjo smelting;Nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kusindikiza ng'anjo, mpweya wotetezera, kupanga zitsulo ndi kuyeretsa, slag splashing mu converter kuteteza ng'anjo, mpweya wotetezera, sing'anga yotengera kutentha ndi kuyeretsa dongosolo, etc. Argon mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo ndi kuyeretsa.Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zopanga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino komanso yokhazikika, mphero zazikulu zazitsulo zimakhala ndi malo apadera a okosijeni ndi okosijeni, nayitrogeni ndi argon dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi.

Ikuluikulu zonse ndondomeko zitsulo mabizinesi panopa okonzeka ndi njira ochiritsira: coke uvuni, sintering, kuphulika ng'anjo steelmaking, Converter magetsi ng'anjo steelmaking, anagubuduza ndondomeko, etc. ndi mafakitale azitsulo apanga njira yachidule yachitsulo isanakwane masiku ano - kusungunula kuchepetsa kupanga chitsulo, komwe kumachepetsa mwachindunji zipangizo zachitsulo kukhala chitsulo chosungunula mu ng'anjo yosungunuka.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu gasi wa mafakitale wofunikira ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana zosungunulira.Mpweya wa okosijeni womwe umafunidwa ndi ng'anjo yanthawi zonse yosungunula umakhala ndi 28% ya kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wofunikira pafakitale yachitsulo, ndipo mpweya wofunikira pakupanga zitsulo umapanga 40% ya kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kumafuna chitsulo.Komabe, njira yochepetsera smelt (COREX) imafuna 78% ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira pakupanga chitsulo ndi 13% ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira popanga zitsulo.

Njira ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi, makamaka njira yochepetsera kusungunuka kwachitsulo, zadziwika ku China.

Zofunikira pa gasi wachitsulo:

Udindo waukulu wa mpweya wotuluka mu ng'anjo yophulika ndi kuonetsetsa kutentha kwa ng'anjo, m'malo mochita nawo gawo la smelting.Oxygen imasakanizidwa mu ng'anjo yoyaka moto ndikusakanikirana ngati mpweya wokhala ndi okosijeni mu ng'anjo yophulika.Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wa mpweya wophulika womwe waperekedwa m'mbuyomu nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi pa 3%.Ndi kusintha kwa ndondomeko kuphulika ng'anjo, pofuna kupulumutsa coke, pambuyo ntchito yaikulu malasha jekeseni ndondomeko, ndi kukwaniritsa zofunika za kuphulika ng'anjo kupanga kulimbikitsa linanena bungwe, mpweya wolemeretsa mlingo wa kuphulika mpweya chiwonjezeke kwa 5. ∽6%, ndipo kumwa kamodzi kwa oxygen kumafikira 60Nm3/T iron.

Chifukwa chisakanizo cha okosijeni cha ng'anjo yophulika ndi mpweya wochuluka wa okosijeni, chiyero cha okosijeni chikhoza kukhala chochepa.

Mpweya wa okosijeni pakuchepetsa kusungunula zitsulo uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kusungunula, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi kupanga zitsulo.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa okosijeni mu ng'anjo yochepetsera kusungunuka ndi chitsulo cha 528Nm3/t, chomwe ndi nthawi 10 yakugwiritsa ntchito mpweya mu ng'anjo yophulika.Mpweya wochepera wa okosijeni wofunikira kuti upangike mung'anjo yochepetsera kusungunuka ndi 42% ya kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse komwe kumapangidwa.

Kuyeretsedwa kwa okosijeni komwe kumafunikira ndi ng'anjo yochepetsera kusungunula ndikokulirapo kuposa 95%, kuthamanga kwa okosijeni ndi 0.8∽ 1.0MPa, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kumayendetsedwa pa 0.8MPa ± 5%, ndipo mpweya uyenera kutsimikiziridwa kukhala ndi kuchuluka kopitilira. kupereka kwa nthawi inayake.Mwachitsanzo, kwa Corex-3000 ng'anjo, m'pofunika kuganizira madzi okosijeni yosungirako 550T.

Njira yopangira zitsulo ndi yosiyana ndi ng'anjo yophulika ndi njira yochepetsera ng'anjo yosungunuka.Oxygen yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza zitsulo imakhala yapakatikati, ndipo mpweya umalowetsedwa pamene ukuwomba mpweya, ndipo mpweya umakhudzidwa ndi smelting reaction.Pali mgwirizano wolunjika pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira ndi kutulutsa zitsulo.

Kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wautumiki wa chosinthira, ukadaulo wa nayitrogeni slag splashing nthawi zambiri umatengera mphero zachitsulo pakadali pano.Nayitrojeni ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakanthawi kochepa, ndipo katundu wake amakhala wamkulu akamagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mphamvu ya nayitrogeni yofunikira ndi yayikulu kuposa 1.4MPa.

Argon ndiyofunikira pakupanga zitsulo ndi kuyenga.Ndi kusintha kwa mitundu yazitsulo, zofunikira zoyenga zimakhala zapamwamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa argon komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni pamphero yozizira kumafunika kufika pa 50∽67Nm3/t pa unit.Powonjezerapo mphero yozizira yozungulira m'dera lopukusa zitsulo, kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni muzitsulo zachitsulo kumawonjezeka mofulumira.

Kupanga zitsulo za ng'anjo yamagetsi kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa arc, ndipo kutentha kwa arc action zone ndikokwera kwambiri mpaka 4000 ℃.Smelting ndondomeko zambiri ogaŵikana kusungunuka nyengo, makutidwe ndi okosijeni nthawi ndi kuchepetsa nthawi, mu ng'anjo sizingayambitse makutidwe ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga, komanso zingachititse kuchepetsa mlengalenga, kotero dzuwa la dephosphorization, desulfurization kwambiri.ng'anjo yamagetsi yapakatikati ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi 50 Hz yosinthira ma frequency apakatikati (pamwamba pa 300hz - 1000 hz) chipangizo chamagetsi, magawo atatu osinthira ma frequency (ac) ma frequency amagetsi, pambuyo pokonzanso kukhala pano, kenako kuyikidwa. magetsi osinthika apakati pafupipafupi, kuperekera kwapanthawi yomweyo ndi capacitance ndi koyilo yolowera mkati kudzera pamayendedwe apakatikati akusinthana pakali pano, kupanga mizere yayikulu yamaginito mu coil induction, induction coil, ndi kudula mu cheng fang of chitsulo, kutulutsa eddy ambiri. panopa mu zipangizo zitsulo.Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kumodzi mpaka 42∽45 Nm3/t.

Tsegulani njira zopangira zitsulo zamoto ndi zopangira: (1) chitsulo ndi zitsulo monga chitsulo cha nkhumba kapena chitsulo chosungunuka, zidutswa;② oxidants monga chitsulo ore, mafakitale koyera mpweya, yokumba wolemera miyala;③ slagging wothandizira monga laimu (kapena miyala yamchere), fluorite, ettringite, etc.;④ deoxidizer ndi zowonjezera za aloyi.

Mpweya wa okosijeni kuti upereke mpweya wotulutsa okosijeni, malo otseguka osungunula mpweya woyaka m'nyumba (gasi wang'anjo) uli ndi O2, CO2, H2O, ndi zina zambiri, pa kutentha kwambiri, mpweya wamphamvu wa okosijeni kupita ku dziwe losungunuka mpweya wokwanira mpaka 0.2 ~ 0.4% ya kulemera kwa chitsulo pa ola, okosijeni wa dziwe losungunuka, kotero kuti slag nthawi zonse imakhala ndi okosijeni wambiri.

Langizo: mpweya wopezeka ndi mpweya wa ng'anjo wokha, liwiro limachedwa, kuwonjezera chitsulo kapena kuwomba kwa okosijeni kumatha kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika.

Mawonekedwe a okosijeni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mphero zachitsulo: kutulutsidwa kwa okosijeni ndi kusintha kwapamwamba ndi mpweya.

Momwe mungakwaniritsire kufunikira kwa okosijeni kwa mphero zachitsulo?Nthawi zambiri, njira zotsatirazi zimatsatiridwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira:

* Imatengera katundu wosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwamphamvu zowongolera zotsogola, kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa okosijeni, zitha kukhala zophatikizira zingapo

* Magulu angapo a akasinja ozungulira owongolera nsonga amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachikhalidwe kuti awonjezere mphamvu yotchinga, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi inayake kumakhala kokhazikika, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni ndikuchepetsa kukula kwake. cha chipangizo

* Pamalo otsika ogwiritsira ntchito okosijeni, mpweya wowonjezera umachotsedwa ndi m'zigawo za okosijeni wamadzimadzi;Pamene mpweya wa okosijeni umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumalipidwa ndi vaporization.Pamene kunja kutulutsa mphamvu ya madzi okosijeni si malire ndi kuzirala mphamvu, kunja liquefaction njira anatengera liquefy anamasulidwa mpweya ndi vaporization njira anatengera vaporize madzi mpweya.

* Pezani mphero zingapo zolumikizidwa ndi gululi kuti mupereke gasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wokwanira wa oxygen ukhale wokhazikika malinga ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito gasi

Njira yofananira ya unit yolekanitsa mpweya

Pakukonza dongosolo mpweya siteshoni ndondomeko ayenera unit mphamvu, chiyero mankhwala, kufalitsa kuthamanga, njira chilimbikitso, chitetezo dongosolo, masanjidwe wonse, kulamulira phokoso kuchita certification wapadera.

Large zitsulo mphero ndi mpweya Mwachitsanzo, linanena bungwe pachaka matani miliyoni 10 zitsulo kuphulika ng'anjo ndondomeko ndi mpweya kukwaniritsa 150000 Nm3 / h, linanena bungwe pachaka matani 3 miliyoni zitsulo smelting kuchepetsa ng'anjo ndondomeko ndi mpweya kukwaniritsa 240000 Nm3 / h, kupanga gulu lathunthu la okhwima lalikulu kwambiri mpweya kupatukana zipangizo tsopano 6 ∽ 100000 kalasi, posankha chipangizo kukula ayenera kuchokera ndalama okwana mu zida ndi ntchito mowa mphamvu, kukonza zida zosinthira, chimakwirira dera kuganizira.

Kuwerengera kwa oxygen popanga zitsulo mu mphero yachitsulo

Mwachitsanzo, ng'anjo imodzi imakhala ndi kuzungulira kwa 70min ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito gasi 50min.Pamene kumwa gasi ndi 8000Nm3/h, ndi (yosalekeza) gasi kupanga wagawo mpweya kulekana uyenera kukhala 8000× (50/60) ÷ (70/60) =5715Nm3/h.Ndiye 5800Nm3/h akhoza kusankhidwa ngati mpweya kulekana chipangizo.

Matani ambiri achitsulo okhala ndi okosijeni ndi 42-45Nm3/h (pa tani), kufunikira kwa ma accounting onse awiri, ndipo izi zidzapambana.

Pakali pano, mphamvu yopanga mabizinezi achitsulo ndi zitsulo China adalumphira patsogolo pa dziko lapansi, koma chitsulo chapadera, makamaka madera ena ofunikira okhudzana ndi chuma cha dziko ndi moyo wa anthu achitsulo akadali odalira kunja, kotero chitsulo choweta ndi mabizinesi azitsulo motsogozedwa ndi Baowu Iron and Steel Factory akadali ndi njira yayitali yoti apite, chifukwa kutukuka kwa minda yapamwamba komanso yotsogola ndikofunikira kwambiri.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwa zinthu zolekanitsa mpweya m'makampani azitsulo kwakhala kosiyanasiyana.Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri samafunikira mpweya wokha, komanso mpweya wa nayitrogeni wapamwamba kwambiri ndi argon, kapenanso mpweya wina wosowa.Pakadali pano, Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Shougang ndi mphero zina zazikulu zazitsulo zili ndi zida zingapo zotulutsira mpweya zomwe zikugwira ntchito.The ndi-kanthu gasi wolemekezeka zipangizo zolekanitsa mpweya sangathe kukwaniritsa zofuna za dziko kupanga, komanso kubweretsa phindu lalikulu zachuma.

Ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha mphero zitsulo, m'malo kuthandizira mpweya kulekana wagawo ndi ku makampani aakulu ndi mpweya kulekana pambuyo zaka zambiri chitukuko, zoweta mpweya olekanitsa makampani ndi zabwino kuti agwire ndi mabizinezi otsogola padziko lonse, ogulitsa zoweta, ankaimira. ndi hangyang Co ndi zina mpweya kupatukana chomera wapanga 8-120000 kalasi ya zida lalikulu mpweya kulekana, zoweta osowa mpweya chipangizo wakhalanso bwino kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, pakompyuta Air China anayamba ndi mochedwa, komanso ndi kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kukhulupirira. kuti ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi luso, makampani olekanitsa gasi ku China adzapita kunja, kudziko lapansi.